RAINWATER HARVESTING:
WHAT IS RAINWATER HARVESTING:
rainwater harvesting is the modern practice
to save the water in highly populated urban areas. not only the rural
cultivators or the farmers required the huge availability of water but urban
people also need water because there is a high density of population. Rainwater
harvesting is a method to save the atmospheric precipitation in urban areas as
well as the rural sector to meet the requirements of the people for drinking water
and daily household work in their livelihood.
WHY WE NEED RAINWATER HARVESTING:
there are many reasons for us to do rainwater harvesting. the reasons are as follows:
1. lack of water in the dry season: in the dry season, due to dryness there is a lack of moisture in nature and also lack of water in the surface water storage like ponds, lakes, etc. to provide sufficient water in the settlement, we need water harvesting.
2. groundwater level decrease: due to a huge amount of use of groundwater like industrial uses, household works, drinking water, agricultural decrease water table which effects on the groundwater lifting. this creates water scarcity. it is also a reason for the rainwater harvesting. municipalities or villages are also lifting water from the groundwater storage. even individual household also lift water from the groundwater storage.
3. demand for water: due to overpopulation, there is a need for a huge amount of water for livelihood. Water is the most necessary element for modern lives. we need rainwater harvesting to supply water to demand areas like industries, agricultural fields, etc.
4. concretization over the surface: Due to urbanization, there is concretization around the surface create an artificial rigid layer which reduces the infiltration of rainwater in the ground. it causes the less groundwater recharge.
5. climate change: Climate change also play an important role which drives the precipitation rate. which can influence the rainwater harvesting.
EXAMPLES: in the rural area, we can harvest water in dams, Percolation pit, dug well etc.
in urban areas, we can save water in Wells or
Ground, thanks of various size we also can save water through the rooftop
attendance storage.
AIM OF RAINWATER HARVESTING:
1. reduce the runoff of water in the surface
2. avoid
flooding in the roads and streets where the drainage system is blocked
3. produce water at a cheap cost to meet the
demands in the urban area
4. increase the water table by recharging the groundwater
5. to
get hygienic water and pollution-free
water
6. increase in water supply in the arid and semi-arid region
7. to
improve the soil moisture which helps plants to grow so it can reduce the soil
erosion
BENEFITS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING:
- Water is a
generally perfect and completely free wellspring of water; you have all
out command over your water supply (perfect for urban communities with
water confinements).
- It is socially adequate and naturally
dependable It advances independence and enables the monitor to water Rainwater
is better for scene plants and gardens since it isn't chlorinated It
diminishes stormwater overflow from homes and organizations
- It can take care of the seepage issues on
your property while furnishing you with free water It utilizes
straightforward innovations that are modest and simple to keep up
- It can be
utilized as a primary wellspring of water or as a backup source to wells
and civil water
- The framework can be effectively retrofitted to a current structure or worked
during the new home, development System is truly adaptable and can be measured
in nature, permitting extension, reconfiguration, or movement, if necessary,
it can give an incredible back-up wellspring of water for crises.
METHODS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING:
there
are different types of rainwater harvesting
1. traditional rainwater harvesting
2. the community-based rainwater harvesting
3. modern technique of rainwater harvesting
1. Traditional
rainwater harvesting
Traditional rainwater harvesting can see in
the rural and urban areas. In rural areas, we can save the water to conserve in
the open ponds, dug wells, percolation pit. In traditional harvesting, we depend
on the nature conservation and it also recharges the groundwater table with the
help of gravity.
It
is easily implemented in any open space; it supplies a large amount of
rainwater in agricultural and also water for household works.
2. Community-based rainwater harvesting: this type of rainwater harvesting help fulfill the demand for small
or medium community groups. In community-based rain harvesting, people help
with monetary capital to install or to construct rainwater storage. The stored
water is used for agricultural irrigation, supply the drinking water and other
necessities in the dry season. For this type of rainwater harvesting, there is a need large space where they can install tanks, filters, etc.
3. Modern techniques of rainwater harvesting or rooftop
rainwater harvesting:
RAIN
BARRELS:
This is the most widely recognized and
one that numerous individuals’ households use to harvest rainwater. The
elements need is a barrel at a drain downspout to gather water and a pipe,
water can store from the rooftop of the house.
Pros:
1. it is less costly and accessible in any area’s shops
2. It is
easily implemented or construct by anybody at any household.
3. rain barrels are promptly accessible in your
local stores.
4. Rain barrels are implemented outside of your
house so there will be no space blocking.
Cons:
1. Capacity is commonly just 50 to 100 gallons
due to the size variations of the barrels.
2. Easily
overflow, not suitable for long term usages.
DRY
SYSTEM:
This technique is a variety of a rain barrel set-up,
because rain barrels are smaller than dry system tanks, we cannot store for the
long run. That’s why we use a bigger tank where we can save water. Basically,
the channel pipe is "dries" after each rain period since it purges
legitimately into the highest point of the tank.
Pros:
1. it can store
lots of water. Great for atmospheres where precipitation occurs with
inconsistent, bigger tempest occasions Can be modest to actualize.
2.Less
entangled framework so it is simpler to maintain.
Cons:
1. The capacity tank must be situated alongside your home.
2. Its needs more
space than rain barrel conservation.
WET
SYSTEM:
This technique includes finding the accumulation of pipes underground so as to
associate various downspouts from various drains. The water will fill the
underground channeling and the water will ascend in the vertical funnels until
it spills into the tank. The downspouts and underground accumulation channeling
must have water-tight associations. The rise of the tank delta must be
underneath the least canal on the house.
Aces:
1. The capacity to gather from your whole accumulation surface.
2. The
capacity to gather from various canals and downspouts.
3. The tank can be found
away from your home
Cons:
More costly to actualize because of underground funneling Sufficient the distinction among drains and tank channel must be accessible.
USE OF THE STORED RAINWATER:
There are fundamentally three zones where
water can be utilized:
1. Irrigation in the large or small field,
2. utilize
Indoor, non-consumable utilize Whole house, consumable use.
Here are a few thoughts for uses of rainwater:
1. Hand
water your grass and greenhouse
2. Interface the water gathering framework to
water system/sprinkler framework
3. Wash your vehicles Wash your pets
4. Refill your wellsprings and fish lakes Refill
your pool
5. Supplant the utilization of faucet water with
water to wash your garages and walkways (in the event that you don't utilize a
sweeper)
6. Use it for all indoor non-consumable
apparatuses (toilets and garments washer)
7. Use it for every consumable need when appropriately
separated and sterilized
8. Use it for mechanical procedures rather than
municipally treated water.
COMPONENTS OF THE RAINWATER HARVESTING:
- Roof: it is
the key element for rainwater harvesting. The rainwater can be directly collected in the rooftop. The RCC roofs are very favorable for rainwater harvesting. If the roof is constructed with galvanized steel sheet is also
helpful for water harvesting.
- Pipes and
drains: pipes and drains are the media for transportation for the
water from the roof to the tank or the storage area.
- Filter:
filters are used for the filtration of the water. Because we cannot drink or use raw water due to pollution and infections. Filters can be formed with sand or charcoal.
- Storage:
rainwater cannot store without proper storage. It’s can tank, dams, rain barrels, ponds, direct groundwater channels, etc.
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